灌溉上限对温室黄瓜初花期生理特性的影响

为了确定温室黄瓜初花期土壤灌溉上限指标,对不同栽培季节、不同土壤灌溉上限处理的温室黄瓜初花期的生理特性进行了研究。结果表明,不论是秋茬还是春茬,在灌溉上限土壤含水量为90%田间持水量的条件下,黄瓜叶片相对含水量、自由水/束缚水、细胞汁液浓度和水势等水分生理指标比较适宜植株的健壮生长;叶绿素含量最高,分别较灌溉上限土壤含水量为100%田间持水量处理高0.14和0.19 g/kg;根系活力最强,分别较灌溉上限土壤含水量为100%田间持水量处理高0.17和0.12 g/(kg.h);叶片净光合速率和胞间CO2浓度在日变化过程中始终保持最高水平。因此,灌溉上限土壤含水量为90%田间持水量,有利于黄瓜初花期植株的生长和光合产物的形成及积累,为初花期适宜的节水灌溉上限指标。     

河沙表面改性絮凝去除水华铜绿微囊藻的研究

[目的]研究十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、双烷基聚氧乙烯基三季铵盐(DPQAC)和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)3种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂改性河沙对去除铜绿微囊藻的影响.[方法]通过系统研究S-CTAB样品的粒径、制备温度、老化时间、pH、投加量对除藻率的影响,并且通过对S-CTAB样品絮凝沉降速率的研究,探讨了河沙表面改性的除藻机理.[结果]相同条件制备的S-CTAB对铜绿微囊藻的去除效果高于S-DPQAC和S-PDMDAAC.CTAB与河沙的质量比为0.04 g/g、河沙粒径为200目、投加量为5 g/L、水浴温度为40℃制备的S-CTAB样品表现出对铜绿微囊藻最佳的去除效果.S-CTAB样品对铜绿微囊藻的去除机理可能原因是通过改性河沙对藻类的架桥网捕作用及河沙表面季铵盐离子对藻细胞的灭杀作用.[结论]该研究提出的河沙表面改性除藻技术具有良好的效果,为河沙表面改性去除水华藻提供了一定的理论基础.     

滇池福保湾水体可溶性无机碳与蓝藻水华的相关性

[目的]探索蓝藻水华暴发至消亡过程中水体无机碳在水体中的变化规律,为制订对蓝藻水华的有效防治措施提供决策依据。[方法]通过采样分析滇池福保湾生态恢复区水体中无机碳浓度与浮游藻类浓度,研究了富营养化水体中可溶性无机碳的时空动态变化及其相关影响因素。[结果]福保湾水体叶绿素a浓度和CO_3~(2-)浓度呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与水体pH均呈显著正相关(P0.05);与CO_2浓度均呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与总无机碳浓度和HCO_3~-浓度均呈显著负相关(P0.05)。[结论]蓝藻水华的生消是导致水体无机碳形态与浓度剧烈变化的重要原因。     

汉江中下游硅藻水华研究进展与展望

汉江流域是多个引调水工程水源地，在国家水资源配置战略中具有重要地位，其水质安全问题一直备受关注。汉江中下游自1992年首次爆发水华以来，水华事件已累计发生10余次，给沿岸居民生产生活带来严重影响。本文系统调研了汉江水华相关研究进展，归纳分析了汉江中下游水华优势藻种及其生物学特性，统计分析了汉江中下游历次水华的发生特征，从营养盐、水文水动力、气象等条件方面归纳了现有研究成果中对于汉江中下游水华爆发成因的解释，总结了汉江中下游水华预测相关模型及水华可调控环境因子的阈值。当前汉江中下游水华防控面临新的挑战，未来仍需在环境因子对硅藻水华生消的影响机理、水华预测模型与方法、水华预警和抑制水华生态调度技术等方面继续开展深入研究。     

南极硅藻GJ01谷胱甘肽合成酶法生产谷胱甘肽

以南极微藻中的南极硅藻GJ01(Berkeleya rutilansGJ01)为材料,采用分光光度法研究谷胱甘肽的前体氨基酸等因子对谷胱甘肽合成酶的影响,并在少量可供应ATP的南极硅藻GJ01细胞存在的情况下,对其游离谷胱甘肽合成酶合成谷胱甘肽的条件进行优化。结果表明,南极硅藻GJ01谷胱甘肽合成酶的最适温度为10～25℃,最适pH值为7.0;Glu、Cys、Gly的最适浓度分别为24 mmol.L-1、12 mmol.L-18、mmol.L-1。此外Met对谷胱甘肽的合成也有影响,而且南极硅藻GJ01的谷胱甘肽合成酶还具有Mg2 依赖性。正交实验表明,南极硅藻GJ01游离谷胱甘肽合成酶,产生谷胱甘肽的最理想条件为,温度30℃、Cys浓度10 mmol.L-1、Mg2 浓度30 mmol.L-1、pH 7.5。该方法用于工业化生产谷胱甘肽是可行的。     

外源硅对不同砧木嫁接黄瓜果面蜡粉和硅吸收及相关基因表达的影响

为探明砧木影响嫁接黄瓜果面蜡粉形成的机制以及与外源硅的关系,以‘山农5号’黄瓜为接穗,‘云南黑籽南瓜’(去蜡粉能力弱)和‘黄诚根2号’南瓜(去蜡粉能力强)为砧木进行嫁接,采用水培法,研究营养液中添加硅与否对黄瓜硅吸收、硅转运蛋白相关基因表达和果实表面蜡粉形成的影响。结果表明:加硅显著提高了‘云南黑籽南瓜’嫁接黄瓜和自根黄瓜果面蜡粉量及各器官硅含量,但加硅后‘黄诚根2号’嫁接黄瓜的果面蜡粉量和各器官硅含量均较低,与不加硅条件下的嫁接和自根黄瓜相近;加硅处理后‘云南黑籽南瓜’嫁接黄瓜苗根系中硅转运蛋白基因Cm Lsi1、Cm Lsi2-1、Cm Lsi2-2和Cm Lsi3的表达量均高于‘黄诚根2号’嫁接黄瓜苗;随着硅处理时间延长,‘云南黑籽南瓜’嫁接黄瓜苗根系中硅转运蛋白基因表达下调,而‘黄诚根2号’嫁接黄瓜苗根系中硅转运蛋白基因的表达同样下调。     

棉花盛花期不同类型叶对产量的影响

通过对棉花盛花期不同类型叶和产量关系的研究，结果表明：主茎叶对棉铃的空间分布有较大的影响；主茎叶和果枝叶对棉花植株下部棉铃的铃重也有影响；果枝叶和叶枝叶则在棉花成熟期方面有贡献作用；在影响产量的其他因素上，不同类型叶的作用相当。     

Isolation and Characterization of the Diatom Phaeodactylum Δ5-Elongase Gene for Transgenic LC-PUFA Production in Pichia pastoris

The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum can accumulate eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) up to 30% of the total fatty acids. This species has been targeted for isolating gene encoding desaturases and elongases for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) metabolic engineering. Here we first report the cloning and characterization of Δ5-elongase gene in P. tricornutum. A full-length cDNA sequence, designated PhtELO5, was shown to contain a 1110 bp open reading frame encoding a 369 amino acid polypeptide. The putative protein contains seven transmembrane regions and two elongase characteristic motifs of FLHXYHH and MYSYY, the latter being typical for microalgal Δ5-elongases. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PhtELO5 belongs to the ELO5 group, tightly clustered with the counterpart of Thalassiosira pseudonana. Heterologous expression of PhtELO5 in Pichia pastoris confirmed that it encodes a specific Δ5-elongase capable of elongating arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Co-expression of PhtELO5 and IsFAD4 (a ∆4-desaturase from Isochrysis sphaerica) demonstrated that the high-efficiency biosynthetic pathway of docosahexaenoic acid was assembled in the transgenic yeast. Substrate competition revealed that PhtELO5 exhibited higher activity towards n-3 PUFA than n-6 PUFA. It is hypothesized that Phaeodactylum ELO5 may preferentially participate in biosynthesis of transgenic LC-PUFA via a n-3 pathway in the yeast host.     

Oleosome-Associated Protein of the Oleaginous Diatom Fistulifera solaris Contains an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeting Signal Sequence

Microalgae tend to accumulate lipids as an energy storage material in the specific organelle, oleosomes. Current studies have demonstrated that lipids derived from microalgal oleosomes are a promising source of biofuels, while the oleosome formation mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Oleosome-associated proteins have been identified from several microalgae to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of oleosome formation, although understanding their functions is still in infancy. Recently, we discovered a diatom-oleosome-associated-protein 1 (DOAP1) from the oleaginous diatom, Fistulifera solaris JPCC DA0580. The DOAP1 sequence implied that this protein might be transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to the signal sequence. To ensure this, we fused the signal sequence to green fluorescence protein. The fusion protein distributed around the chloroplast as like a meshwork membrane structure, indicating the ER localization. This result suggests that DOAP1 could firstly localize at the ER, then move to the oleosomes. This study also demonstrated that the DOAP1 signal sequence allowed recombinant proteins to be specifically expressed in the ER of the oleaginous diatom. It would be a useful technique for engineering the lipid synthesis pathways existing in the ER, and finally controlling the biofuel quality.